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The name "anthrax" comes from the greek word for "coal". This refers to the typical, characteristic black crust on the skin lesions caused by anthrax bacillus. This lesion is known as the "Malignant Pustule".

Anthrax bacillus pores can get introduced to the body in 3 ways mainly:

  1. Skin abrasions: cause malignant pustule

  2. Inhalation of the spores: Lung disease

  3. Ingestion: Gastrointestinal  and oropharyngeal disease
Evolution of the malignant pustule

Bacillus anthracis endospores introduced into the skin via skin break

A painless papule at the site after 3-7 days

After 24-36 hours, a fluid filled vesicle forms and rapidly enlarge

Breaks down and form black crust (known as eschar) on the surface: the lesion shows rapid growth with marked brawny, gelatinous and non pitting type of edema around it with a non suppurative central necrosis. There may be bleeding from the lesion

20 % fatality if the lesion is not treated

 

Pulmonary Anthrax

Anthrax also causes life threatening chest and gastrointestinal disease . As it is contracted from cattles, especially in those who handle wool, it is also known as "Wool Sorter's Disease"

Signs of pulmonary anthrax:

Course:

  •    Insidious onset, resemble influenza

•      Fever rises,

•      Respiratory Distress,

•      Cyanosis

•      Shock

•      Coma

•      Death

  •      Fatality : 90-100% in untreated and late treatment

Major Events:

  •   Rapid multiplication of spores in mediastinal lymphnodes

•      Severe haemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis

•      Pulmonary Oedema

•      Pleural Effusion

•      Haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis

X-Ray shows diffuse patchy infiltration and mediastinal widening

Gastro-intestinal anthrax

  •   Ingestion of spores; contaminated meat; from pulmonary anthrax

•      Nausea,loss of appetite, vomiting, fever

•      Severe abdominal pain, haematemesis, bloody diarrhoea

•      Extensive necrosis of GI tract

•      Haemorrhagic necrosis of mesentric lymphnodes

•      Septicaemia

  •   Fatality: 25-75%

Treatment of Anthrax

The treatment of choice is 

  1. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 60 days  or

  2. Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 60 days

Treatment should be continuous for 2 months.

The same treatment is instituted if accidental exposure to anthrax bacillus is suspected. Other antibiotics like tertacycline, clarithromycin,clindamycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin are also effective

 

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Anthrax Vaccine

This is a Cell-free Filtrate vaccine of the bacillus recommended for the at risk population who come in contact with the cattle on a regular basis, especially in endemic areas.

Protocol for vaccinations

  • 3 sub cutaneous injections  are given 2 Weeks apart

  • Plus 3 doses at 6,12,18 months

  • Annual Booster injections for high risk groups

  • Mild local Reactions may occur in 30% of cases

  • Severe/systemic reaction occur in less than 0.2% of vaccinated

  • The vaccine has an efficacy of 93%

 

 

 

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About Your Online Dermatologist

 

Dr.Hanish Babu, MD is a non resident Indian Dermatologist & Venereologist  practicing in Ajman, UAE. He is the  author of the well known Stress Management package  10 Days to Stress Free Life and a net-entrepreneur. He is also a certified hypnotist, stress management trainer and personality development trainer. He is the web editor of half a dozen web sites on the above subjects.

 

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Disclaimer

Information on this site is provided for informational purposes and is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by your own dermatologist or other medical professional. You should not use the information contained herein for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication. Many skin diseases have similar morphology and may resemble one another. But their treatment varies. Hence, self diagnosis and treatment are not advised. In case of doubt always be on the safer side and consult your dermatologist. Your online dermatologist will give you special tips to deal with specific skin and cosmetic problems.

Information about each product is taken from the labels of the products or from the manufacturer's advertising material. Skin Care Tips From Dermatologist.com or Dr.Hanish Babu are not responsible for any statements or claims that various manufacturers make about their products. We cannot be held responsible for typographical errors or product formulation changes. You should read carefully all product packaging. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 

Copyright © 2006 Dr.Hanish Babu, MD. All rights reserved